Rainfall and its use in agriculture, water management, and environmental sustainability

Abstract

Introduction: Precipitation is essential for agriculture, as over 70 % of the water used in this sector comes from rainfall. However, its spatial and temporal variability, exacerbated by climate change, makes its effective utilization challenging. This study examines the role of precipitation in agriculture and proposes sustainable practices to enhance its productive use. Objective: To analyze the role of precipitation in the productive development of a specific locality, with a focus on agriculture, water management, and environmental sustainability. Method: Essential parameters such as quantity, intensity, probability, infiltration, soil retention, and runoff were analyzed. Models such as Horton's for infiltration and the Curve Number method for runoff were employed. Additionally, the Water Stress Index was evaluated, and sustainable practices like rainwater harvesting were proposed. Results: efficient management of rainwater reduces dependence on conventional sources. The construction of cisterns allows for the storage of excess water for dry periods, although rainfall is insufficient in some months. Improving soil retention and reducing runoff are key to optimizing water use. Conclusion: sustainable management of rainfall is essential for agriculture. Monitoring its variability, improving soil retention, and increasing rainwater harvesting systems are key strategies to adapt to climate change and ensure water and food security.