Use of water and climate resources in hydrographic basins
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15792525Keywords:
climate change, climogram, surface runoffAbstract
Introduction: Watersheds are fundamental to the hydrological cycle, biodiversity, and water supply; however, they face challenges such as climate change and overexploitation. This study analyzes the role of precipitation in local development, emphasizing the integration of climatic and hydrological variables for sustainability. Objective: To analyze water and climatic resources using tools such as the climograph and rainfall frequency analysis to improve water management and sustainability at the local level. Method: Methodologies such as the Aridity Index and hydrological simulation models were used. A climograph was developed to analyze temperature and precipitation patterns in Grua Nueva, Ciego de Avila. Results: The climograph identified two seasons: a rainy period (May-October) with 82.4 % of annual rainfall (1245.2 mm) and a dry period (November-April). The average annual temperature showed a thermal oscillation of 5.82 °C. The rainfall frequency analysis allowed for the prediction of extreme events, useful for agricultural planning and disaster prevention. The importance of capturing surface runoff for irrigation and aquifer recharge was highlighted. Conclusion: Updating hydrological studies and the use of the climograph are essential for sustainable water management. Capturing runoff and treating wastewater are key aspects to improve water availability and quality in the context of climate change. These results underscore the need to adapt water management practices to new climatic conditions.
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